The original form of the "Ancient Regulations" for Ch’an (Zen) monastic life, established by the eighth-century Zen master Pai-chang was lost, surviving only in fragments in later compilations. The fourteenth-century Zen master Te-hui drew on extant works to compile the revised Pai-chang Zen Monastic Regulations under the Yüan Imperial Edict, the text on which this translation by Shohei Ichimura is based.
