Pregnancy, Motherhood, and Choice in Twentieth-Century Arizona
Pregnancy, Motherhood, and Choice in Twentieth-Century Arizona
Early twentieth-century Arizona was a life-threatening place for new and expectant mothers. Towns were small and very far apart, and the weather and harsh landscape often delayed midwives. It was not uncommon for a woman to give birth without medical care and with the aid of only family members. By the 1920s, Arizona was at the top of the list for the highest number of infant deaths.
Mary Melcher’s Pregnancy, Motherhood, and Choice in Twentieth-Century Arizona provides a deep and diverse history of the dramatic changes in childbirth, birth control, infant mortality, and abortion over the course of the last century. Using oral histories, memoirs, newspaper accounts, government documents, letters, photos, and biographical collections, this fine-grained study of women’s reproductive health places the voices of real women at the forefront of the narrative, providing a personal view into some of the most intense experiences of their lives.
Tackling difficult issues such as disparities in reproductive health care based on race and class, abortion, and birth control, this book seeks to change the way the world looks at women’s health. An essential read for both historians and public health officials, this book reveals that many of the choices and challenges that women once faced remain even today.
Mary S. Melcher is a public historian and consultant who has worked on public history projects all over Arizona, including the Arizona Women’s Heritage Trail. She is the author of numerous articles and the winner of the Susanne Shafer Award for outstanding contributions in women’s studies in Arizona.
“Women’s stories of their experiences in childbirth, their struggles to care for their babies, and their attitudes, beliefs, and experiences related to fertility control are a vital part of our past. By examining the experiences of those who came before, in Arizona and the Southwest, we learn how geography, income level, ethnicity, culture, and laws have affected this area of life, providing greater knowledge of women’s lives in this place and time and more understanding of how to move forward into the future.” —Mary S. Melcher, from the conclusion
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1 “You’re My Miracle”: Babies, Birth Rates, and Health Care, 1910– 1940
2 Saving the Babies: Lowering Infant Mortality in the Southwest
3 Margaret Sanger and the Arizona Birth Control Movement
4 “Tis a Sobering Experience”: Providing Contraceptives for the Rural and Urban Poor
5 Battling Poverty and Isolation to Improve Mothers’ and Infants’ Health
6 “Rhythm Babies,” Birth Control, and Planned Parenthood: Years of Growth and Change
7 Arizona and Abortion Reform: Conflict without Resolution
8 Providing Reproductive Health Care in a New, More Politicized Era
9 Pregnancy and Choice: Reproductive Health in Twentieth-Century Arizona
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Contingent Maps
Rethinking Western Women's History and the North American West
Edited by Susan E. Gray and Gayle Gullett
