Feminism as Life's Work
Four Modern American Women through Two World Wars
Rutgers University Press
With suffrage secured in 1920, feminists faced the challenge of how to keep their momentum going. As the center of the movement shrank, a small, self-appointed vanguard of “modern” women carried the cause forward in life and work. Feminism as Life’s Work profiles four of these women: the author Inez Haynes Irwin, the historian Mary Ritter Beard, the activist Doris Stevens, and Lorine Pruette, a psychologist. Their life-stories, told here in full for the first time, embody the changes of the first four decades of the twentieth century—and complicate what we know of the period.
Through these women’s intertwined stories, Mary Trigg traces the changing nature of the women’s movement across turbulent decades rent by world war, revolution, global depression, and the rise of fascism. Criticizing the standard division of feminist activism as a series of historical waves, Trigg exposes how Irwin, Beard, Stevens, and Pruette helped push the U.S. feminist movement to victory and continued to propel it forward from the 1920s to the 1960s, decades not included in the “wave” model. At a time widely viewed as the “doldrums” of feminism, the women in this book were in fact taking the cause to new sites: the National Women’s Party; sexuality and relations with men; marriage; and work and financial independence. In their utopian efforts to reshape work, sexual relations, and marriage, modern feminists ran headlong into the harsh realities of male power, the sexual double standard, the demands of motherhood, and gendered social structures.
In Feminism as Life’s Work, Irwin, Beard, Stevens, and Pruette emerge as the heirs of the suffrage movement, guardians of a long feminist tradition, and catalysts of the belief in equality and difference. Theirs is a story of courage, application, and perseverance—a story that revisits the “bleak and lonely years” of the U.S. women’s movement and emerges with a fresh perspective of the history of this pivotal era.
Through these women’s intertwined stories, Mary Trigg traces the changing nature of the women’s movement across turbulent decades rent by world war, revolution, global depression, and the rise of fascism. Criticizing the standard division of feminist activism as a series of historical waves, Trigg exposes how Irwin, Beard, Stevens, and Pruette helped push the U.S. feminist movement to victory and continued to propel it forward from the 1920s to the 1960s, decades not included in the “wave” model. At a time widely viewed as the “doldrums” of feminism, the women in this book were in fact taking the cause to new sites: the National Women’s Party; sexuality and relations with men; marriage; and work and financial independence. In their utopian efforts to reshape work, sexual relations, and marriage, modern feminists ran headlong into the harsh realities of male power, the sexual double standard, the demands of motherhood, and gendered social structures.
In Feminism as Life’s Work, Irwin, Beard, Stevens, and Pruette emerge as the heirs of the suffrage movement, guardians of a long feminist tradition, and catalysts of the belief in equality and difference. Theirs is a story of courage, application, and perseverance—a story that revisits the “bleak and lonely years” of the U.S. women’s movement and emerges with a fresh perspective of the history of this pivotal era.
By exploring the lives of vibrant, significant women who have long been ignored, Trigg adds fascinating new insight to our understanding of the post-suffrage years. Feminism as Life’s Work is a major contribution to the literature on women’s history.
By exploring the lives of vibrant, significant women who have long been ignored, Trigg adds fascinating new insight to our understanding of the post-suffrage years. Feminism as Life’s Work is a major contribution to the literature on women’s history.
Mary Trigg provides vivid portraits of four fascinating feminists whose careers spanned the 1910s to the 1940s. Their activities pre- and post-1920 challenge the traditional wave model and capture the intellectual, social, and political shifts that shaped modern American feminism.
Mary Trigg provides vivid portraits of four fascinating feminists whose careers spanned the 1910s to the 1940s. Their activities pre- and post-1920 challenge the traditional wave model and capture the intellectual, social, and political shifts that shaped modern American feminism.
Trigg’s Leading the Way is an engaging anthology that encourages both students and educators alike not only to reevaluate our notions of leadership through a feminist lens but also to become more active community leaders ourselves.
Trigg’s Leading the Way is an engaging anthology that encourages both students and educators alike not only to reevaluate our notions of leadership through a feminist lens but also to become more active community leaders ourselves.
In this innovative group biography, Trigg uses the lives of four well-known 'modern' feminists—author Inez Haynes Irwin, historian Mary Ritter Beard, activist Doris Stevens, and psychologist Lorine Pruette—to trace changes in the women’s movement and women’s lives after the suffrage movement. Trigg provides a meaningful challenge to the metaphor of 'waves' in US feminism. A valuable addition to understanding this little-studied generation of activists. Highly recommended.
In this innovative group biography, Trigg uses the lives of four well-known 'modern' feminists—author Inez Haynes Irwin, historian Mary Ritter Beard, activist Doris Stevens, and psychologist Lorine Pruette—to trace changes in the women’s movement and women’s lives after the suffrage movement. Trigg provides a meaningful challenge to the metaphor of 'waves' in US feminism. A valuable addition to understanding this little-studied generation of activists. Highly recommended.
Feminism as Life's Work reminds us - in minute detail - what it took to keep the midcentury struggle for women's rights alive through two World Wars, the Great Depression, and the postwar period … Here, Trigg brings the cause and its champions back to vivid life and reminds us of our debt to unsung feminist pioneers.
Feminism as Life's Work reminds us - in minute detail - what it took to keep the midcentury struggle for women's rights alive through two World Wars, the Great Depression, and the postwar period … Here, Trigg brings the cause and its champions back to vivid life and reminds us of our debt to unsung feminist pioneers.
MARY K. TRIGG is an associate professor of women’s and gender studies at Rutgers University. She has published an edited collection, Leading the Way: Young Women’s Activism for Social Change, also from Rutgers University Press, 2010.
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Introduction
1. Planting the Seeds
2. Setting the Stage
3. Detention by the Male
3. Old Ideas versus New: Maternalism and Equal Rights
5. This Vast Laboratory
6. To Work Together for Ends Larger Than Self
7. Feminism as Life's Work
Notes
Index
Abbreviations
Introduction
1. Planting the Seeds
2. Setting the Stage
3. Detention by the Male
3. Old Ideas versus New: Maternalism and Equal Rights
5. This Vast Laboratory
6. To Work Together for Ends Larger Than Self
7. Feminism as Life's Work
Notes
Index