240 pages, 6 x 9
11 figures - 5 maps - 17 tables
Hardcover
Release Date:12 Jan 2021
ISBN:9780817320805
Ethnic Entrepreneurs, Crony Capitalism, and the Making of the Franco-Mexican Elite
By José Galindo
University of Alabama Press
A groundbreaking historical narrative of corruption and economic success in Mexico
Ethnic Entrepreneurs, Crony Capitalism, and the Making of the Franco-Mexican Elite provides a new way to understand the scope and impact of crony capitalism on institutional development in Mexico. Beginning with the Porfiriato, the period between 1876 and 1911 named for the rule of President Porfirio Díaz, José Galindo identifies how certain behavioral patterns of the Mexican political and economic elite have repeated over the years, and analyzes aspects of the political economy that have persisted, shaping and at times curtailing Mexico’s economic development.
Strong links between entrepreneurs and politicians have allowed elite businessmen to receive privileged support, such as cheap credit, tax breaks, and tariff protection, from different governments and to run their companies as monopolies. In turn, successive governments have obtained support from businesses to implement public policies, and, on occasion, public officials have received monetary restitution. Galindo notes that Mexico’s early twentieth-century institutional framework was weak and unequal to the task of reining in these systematic abuses. The cost to society was high and resulted in a lack of fair market competition, unequal income distribution, and stunted social mobility.
The most important investors in the banking, commerce, and manufacturing sectors at the beginning of the twentieth century in Mexico were of French origin, and Galindo explains the formation of the Franco-Mexican elite. This Franco-Mexican narrative unfolds largely through the story of one of the richest families in Mexico, the Jeans, and their cotton textile empire. This family has maintained power and wealth through the current day as Emilio Azcárraga Jean, a great-grandson of one of the members of the first generation of the Jean family to arrive in Mexico, owns Televisa, a major mass media company with one of the largest audiences for Spanish-language content in the world.
Ethnic Entrepreneurs, Crony Capitalism, and the Making of the Franco-Mexican Elite provides a new way to understand the scope and impact of crony capitalism on institutional development in Mexico. Beginning with the Porfiriato, the period between 1876 and 1911 named for the rule of President Porfirio Díaz, José Galindo identifies how certain behavioral patterns of the Mexican political and economic elite have repeated over the years, and analyzes aspects of the political economy that have persisted, shaping and at times curtailing Mexico’s economic development.
Strong links between entrepreneurs and politicians have allowed elite businessmen to receive privileged support, such as cheap credit, tax breaks, and tariff protection, from different governments and to run their companies as monopolies. In turn, successive governments have obtained support from businesses to implement public policies, and, on occasion, public officials have received monetary restitution. Galindo notes that Mexico’s early twentieth-century institutional framework was weak and unequal to the task of reining in these systematic abuses. The cost to society was high and resulted in a lack of fair market competition, unequal income distribution, and stunted social mobility.
The most important investors in the banking, commerce, and manufacturing sectors at the beginning of the twentieth century in Mexico were of French origin, and Galindo explains the formation of the Franco-Mexican elite. This Franco-Mexican narrative unfolds largely through the story of one of the richest families in Mexico, the Jeans, and their cotton textile empire. This family has maintained power and wealth through the current day as Emilio Azcárraga Jean, a great-grandson of one of the members of the first generation of the Jean family to arrive in Mexico, owns Televisa, a major mass media company with one of the largest audiences for Spanish-language content in the world.
This is a compelling case study of crony capitalism in Mexico, one that previously has not been studied at such length. Galindo makes a convincing argument that neither the neo-institutionalists nor those who focus on social networks fully capture the structural foundations for Mexican capitalism. Formal institutions were often much stronger than neo-institutionalists recognize, according to Galindo, though they were too weak to curb the crony capitalism and corruption endemic to Mexican modernization, as other scholars might argue. In this, Galindo stakes important new ground that seeks to understand social networks and institutions in relation to each other.’
—Susan M. Gauss, author of Made in Mexico: Regions, Nation, and the State in the Rise of Mexican Industrialism, 1920s–1940s
‘This study helps explain one of the most intractable problems in Mexican history over the last century and a half, which is the marriage of business and politics at the highest levels. The author explores the trajectory of one of the most powerful business families that has survived and prospered in Mexico and hence helps to explain legacies of oligopolies, political authoritarianism, and corruption in the long run.’
—Carlos Marichal Salinas, author of Bankruptcy of Empire: Mexican Silver and the Wars between Spain, Britain and France, 1760–1810
‘Galindo’s book is unique in its range of perspectives (cultural, political, economic) and historical scope, stretching from Mexican independence to today. Within this framework, he has nestled the history of a group of ‘ethnic entrepreneurs.’ While an interesting case study in itself, the story of the French immigrants may actually detract from his discussion of crony capitalism in Mexico more generally, since ‘ethnic entrepreneurship’ brings with it a variety of distinct variables of its own that Galindo does not adequately analyze. The marriage of these two topics—corruption and immigration policy—would be an absorbing contribution to a variety of fields, testing the thesis that racism and imperialism are themselves forms of corruption. Galindo chooses a different direction, contributing to Mexican economic history and the study of cronyism by tracing the roots of Mexico’s multicultural elite. In doing so, he provides a text useful for graduate seminars on Latin American development, society, and economy, as well as on the methodology of prosopography.’
—Hispanic American Historical Review
An impressive and amply documented study of the migration of French capital to Mexico. Galindo focuses on the Jean family and its ties to other immigrant ‘Barcelonnettes’ to draw out the broader implications of crony capitalism for Mexico and elsewhere. Empirically informed and theoretically sophisticated, Galindo's work will be of interest to a wide range of students in history, development studies, and political science alike.’
—Richard J. Salvucci, author of Politics, Markets, and Mexico's 'London Debt,' 1823–1887
‘José Galindo's detailed historical analysis of crony capitalism in Mexico broadens our understanding of the development and dynamic of this important pattern of corruption. Focusing on the Jean family from the French region of Barcelonnette, the study masterfully highlights not only businesses adapt to weak formal institutions, but the nature of the informal institutions that forge close and reciprocal relationships linking business to state officials. The book contributes to recent historical works on corruption in Mexico focusing on cultural factors by emphasizing the underlying institutional causal factors and tracing the political and economic consequences of crony capitalism. Ethnic Entrepreneurs, Crony Capitalism, and the Making of the Franco-Mexican Elite is a must read for those interested in the history of corruption in Mexico.’
—Stephen D. Morris, author of Gringolandia: Mexican Identity and Perceptions of the United States
Galindo has made an important contribution to the business history of modern Mexico. Indeed, [his book] should be of interest to scholars comparatively studying twentieth-century capitalism.’
—Business History Review
‘Galindo has produced an important book that successfully marries the sociological insights of entrepreneurial studies with the economic and political history of Mexico. Although he does not engage explicitly with the ‘new history of capitalism,’ his scholarship contributes to this field, clearly illustrating one of its ‘varieties.’ There are helpful tables and charts throughout that detail business and political links, family activities, capital investments, and industry changes, and a global map of corruption. Readers will finish this book with a better understanding of modern Mexico and the development of capitalism.’
—The Americas
José Galindo is professor at the Instituto de Investigaciones Histórico-Sociales, Universidad Veracruzana. He is author of La CNDH: Una consecuencia de la política económica y social de México (1970–1990), editor of México contemporáneo: Aspectos económicos, políticos y sociales, and coeditor of Narrativas estatales de los sistemas estatales anticorrupción en México: Reflexiones desde lo local.