Entitled Opinions
A landmark rhetorical theory of the formation and functioning of opinions in social media contexts
Entitled Opinions: Doxa After Digitality offers a rhetorical theory of opinions, especially as opinions operate within social media.
Many urgent contemporary issues—from demagoguery to white ethno-nationalism—compel us to consider opinions seriously. Yet while clichés like “he tells it like it is” and newer imperatives such as #BlackLivesMatter seem straightforward, haptics, emoji, and “like” buttons belie unexamined collective assumptions about how opinions in the digital realm function.
Caddie Alford illuminates this function by deploying the ancient Greek term for opinions: doxa. Doxa translates to “opinion,” but the term can also signal seemingness and expectations. Doxa’s capacious meanings reveal opinions to be more than static or monolithic: With doxa, opinions become emergent, dynamic, relational, and pluralistic.
Masterfully combining rhetorical frameworks as well as scholarship on opinions and digital media entanglements, Alford puts opinions into conversation with such case studies as algorithms, infrastructure, digital illiteracy, virality, and activism. She shows how “doxa” reveals gradations of opinions, from more reputable to less reputable. She demonstrates that these gradations are multifaceted and susceptible to interventions.
Entitled Opinions sheds much of the baggage associated with opinions while opening up more fertile pathways of inquiry. In a world that says, “don’t read the comments,” this book reads the comments, taking seriously content that could be easily dismissed otherwise and alchemizing judgments into implications.
‘A ball of lightning, crackling and crashing through centuries of rhetorical theory to match the breakneck, viral energy of our social media era. Caddie Alford’s ‘expansive and affirmative theory of opinions’ provides a crucial alternative to nostalgic calls for media literacy and demands to combat misinformation.’
—Collin G. Brooke, Syracuse University
'Entitled Opinions digs into the complexity of opinions, repurposing doxa as we’ve inherited it via the rhetorical tradition in the context of contemporary social media. The book unpacks doxa’s multiplicity and traces its rhythms, circulations, and transductions to reveal how doxa, endoxa, adoxa, and urdoxa operate collectively via superposition and polyrhythmic enfolding. Entitled Opinions is a well-written and well thought through book that everyone in rhetorical studies should read.'
—Byron Hawk is professor of English at The University of South Carolina
Offers a panoramic poetics of doxa, a series of exploratory surveys that do justice to doxa’s vibrancy and sensuality—from its role as both the content and the form of our digital sociality, to the strange choric temporality with which it (and we) surge and recede. Pursuing this project through numerous social media narratives, platforms, and algorithms, Alford offers a version of a doxa that hums with a familiar yet enigmatic sense of connection.’ —John Muckelbauer, associate professor of English, University of South Carolina
Caddie Alford is assistant professor of writing and rhetoric in the Department of English at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Ancient Rhetorics and Digital Networks
Edited by Michele Kennerly and Damien Smith Pfister; Preface by Michele Kennerly and Damien Smith Pfister; Introduction by Michele Kennerly and Damien Smith Pfister
